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Tuesday, June 10, 2008

THT: Kalk: How fatigue affects a pitcher’s fastball

How pitchers tire is one of the great unknowns left in baseball. Ideally, you could measure fatigue by ERA inning by inning, but the problem is not only does fatigue factor in, but so do adjustments by hitters who have now seen the pitcher multiple times.

So when you hear an announcer say something like “The third time through the order Joe Pitcher has a .320 batting average against” it is hard to say if the cause is pitcher fatigue or hitter familiarity. A better method would be to track the pitcher’s stuff and see how it changes the deeper in the game he goes. This completely removes the batter from the equation and we can isolate pitcher fatigue. With piles of PITCHf/x data rolling in, we have the perfect information to begin to isolate pitcher fatigue.

This is a really great article. It measures fastball speed and—to my mind, this is the key part—movement as the game progresses, which produces some pleasantly intuitive graphs.
The Keith Law Blog Blah Blah (battlekow) Posted: June 10, 2008 at 03:10 PM | 16 comment(s) Login to Bookmark
  Tags: arizona, blue jays, braves, brewers, red sox, sabermetrics

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   1. Sparkles Peterson Posted: June 10, 2008 at 04:54 PM (#2813855)
Interesting. Since I'm guessing changes in movement like that are pretty hard to discern in person, it would certainly seem to behoove teams to track this data via PitchF/X, at least until they get a clear idea of a pitcher's trend. I'd think teams willing to follow Gameday for immediate access to the data would be a little better off too, as clearly pitchers vary quite a bit from start to start.
   2. Shooty: Applying to be Fearless Leader Posted: June 10, 2008 at 05:02 PM (#2813863)
First off, I love all this pitch f/x stuff. How precisely does it track pitches, though? I've always assumed those pitch graphs on gamecast are not reliable and use them only for entertainment purposes. Does anyone have a handle on the technology of this? Is the tech. uniform from stadium to stadium?
   3. Sparkles Peterson Posted: June 10, 2008 at 05:10 PM (#2813872)
I know it's calibrated before each use, so I'd think so.
   4. wcw Posted: June 10, 2008 at 05:23 PM (#2813884)
From what I can tell playing with the data a little bit:
- the numbers are surprisingly good most of the time, but occasionally the system simply blows a pitch
- comparability from stadium to stadium and even start to start is its worst feature

Still, normalizing everything to initial pitches would seem mostly to solve the comparability issue.
   5. TomH Posted: June 10, 2008 at 05:34 PM (#2813894)
Coors field (thin air) is supposed to affect movement by up to 33% (less drop on curve balls). I think 1% in speed change would mean more to effectiveness than 1% in movement change.
   6. joshkalk Posted: June 10, 2008 at 06:03 PM (#2813926)
I am glad that you guys enjoyed the article. Here are a few tidbits to clear up some confusion.

-PITCHf/x does vary from park to park a great deal. Pitchers can gain or loose 2-3 MPH on their fastball for instance. I currently have a pretty decent set of corrections that make things relatively uniform though that I use. Every article that you see on THT from me is using those corrections. This article however is much less depending on those corrections because I am fitting everything to the 10 pitch baseline. I'd imagine that following Gameday anyone could do a pretty accurate estimate since speed and total movement are listed. That should give a rough idea on how a pitcher's fastball has changed.

-Most of the difference from start to start in the same park you see are real differences. Sportvision does do calibrations but those alter the cameras very little and correcting for atmospheric difference is much more important. If a pitcher threw in 40 degrees one start then 80 degrees in the next you will see that in his movement.

-On that note Coors absolutely does effect the movement of the ball but more like 20% not 33%. You can also see the difference at Chase because of the high temperatures besides the altitude.
   7. joker24 Posted: June 10, 2008 at 06:13 PM (#2813937)
-On that note Coors absolutely does effect the movement of the ball but more like 20% not 33%. You can also see the difference at Chase because of the high temperatures besides the altitude.


Out of curiosity, what type of effect for Coors and Chase? Faster/slower or vertical/horizontal changes. Or I suppose both...
   8. Harris Posted: June 10, 2008 at 06:19 PM (#2813943)
I know it's calibrated before each use, so I'd think so.

Maybe with respect to movement from the ball, but I have no faith or belief in a system that cannot refute an umpire's call. In the MLB gamecast, I have never observed a pitch within the confines of the "strike box" labelled as a ball because an ump missed the call. I've never seen a pitch outside the box labeled as a called strike. Also, I don't believe I've ever seen a pitch situated along the border. They may be tangentially on the border, but never cut across the ball, ala a secant.

MLB's gamecast appears to sort pitches as binary events and then place them in an appropriate location to validate the umpire's call. Until that's fixed, I place no faith in any contributory element.
   9. Kyle S at work Posted: June 10, 2008 at 06:41 PM (#2813971)
Am I crazy, or was there an article in Baseball Prospectus today or yesterday about this exact same topic? Weird.
   10. joker24 Posted: June 10, 2008 at 06:46 PM (#2813975)
MLB's gamecast appears to sort pitches as binary events and then place them in an appropriate location to validate the umpire's call. Until that's fixed, I place no faith in any contributory element.


http://www.hardballtimes.com/main/article/the-eye-of-the-umpire/
   11. John DiFool2 Posted: June 10, 2008 at 06:50 PM (#2813984)
Well, Messr. Harris, I just went through the Red Sox/Mariner's game on Sunday, and counted about a dozen pitches which looked like they were missed by the umpire, half and half roughly between balls which were strikes, and strikes which were balls, and a number of which were right on the edge of the corner. It is possible of course that the Pitch f/x system isn't properly locating a certain % of pitches, but it definitely isn't relocating them after the fact to match the call.
   12. Kyle S at work Posted: June 10, 2008 at 06:57 PM (#2813992)
http://www.baseballprospectus.com/article.php?articleid=7641

Similar but different. Still, amazing that they were just one day apart. And at least I'm not crazy!
   13. Daryn Posted: June 10, 2008 at 07:12 PM (#2814003)
I have never observed a pitch within the confines of the "strike box" labelled as a ball because an ump missed the call. I've never seen a pitch outside the box labeled as a called strike.

FWIW, I have seen this a lot -- particularly the bolded part.
   14. Walt Davis Posted: June 10, 2008 at 07:45 PM (#2814038)
Back in my day, we didn't even bother looking at pitch f/x data until pitch #140. Damn pitch counts.
   15. joshkalk Posted: June 10, 2008 at 08:40 PM (#2814099)
Out of curiosity, what type of effect for Coors and Chase? Faster/slower or vertical/horizontal changes. Or I suppose both...


Well less air to imped the ball so the ball gets to the batters faster but with less movement. This is true for all pitches. Chase is about 10% and Coors is about 20% depending on exactly how warm it is. Clearly the answer to all of Colorado's problems is a pressurized dome.
   16. John DiFool2 Posted: June 11, 2008 at 12:24 AM (#2814512)
I really don't know what you guys are talking about. Go to mlb.com and get the Gameday for today's Sox/Orioles game, and check out Okajima's first AB to Bynum. Looked like 2 straight curveballs 3" outside which were rung up for strikes.

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